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This tool provides the cumulative risk of seizure recurrence over time and the likelihood of experiencing a seizure in the upcoming months, based on the type of autoimmune encephalitis and the patient’s age group (only for LGI-1).

The study analyzed data from 981 patients across 14 international centers. Key inclusion criteria were:

• Patients aged 15 years or older at disease onset.
• At least one epileptic seizure during the course of the disease.
• A seizure-free period of at least 3 months at any point.

Variables Used:

Type of Autoimmune Encephalitis:

• NMDAR Encephalitis: Diagnosed by the presence of antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. This subtype predominantly affects younger patients, with a mean age of 28 years, and includes 383 patients, 81.7% of whom are female.
• LGI1 Encephalitis: Identified through antibodies targeting leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1, primarily observed in older patients with a mean age of 63 years. This group comprises 440 patients, 34.3% of whom are female.
• CASPR2 Encephalitis: Confirmed via antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2. This subtype includes 114 patients with a mean age of 64 years, predominantly male (95.6%).
• GABABR Encephalitis: Detected by gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor antibodies. This smaller cohort comprises 44 patients with a mean age of 63 years, 43.2% of whom are female.

Age Category (Only for LGI-1):

• ≤70 Years: Includes patients with lower age-related risks of seizure recurrence.
• >70 Years: Accounts for patients with increased seizure recurrence risks and associated age-related factors.

Time (Months):

• Tracks seizure recurrence and probability dynamics over time, spanning up to 24 months for CoSy and 276 months for cumulative risk.

Outputs:

Cumulative Risk of Seizure Recurrence:

• Provides the total percentage risk of seizure recurrence over time.
• Based on the chosen age group and encephalitis type, this metric reflects the gradual increase in recurrence risk, starting at 0% and progressing dynamically across the selected time period.

Chance of an Occurrence of a Seizure in the next Year (COSY):

• Estimates the likelihood of experiencing a seizure in the next year based on the selected time point .