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This tool provides the cumulative risk of seizure recurrence over time and the likelihood of experiencing a seizure in the upcoming months, based on the type of autoimmune encephalitis and the patient’s age group.

The study analyzed data from 981 patients across 14 international centers. Key inclusion criteria were:

• Patients aged 15 years or older at disease onset.
• At least one epileptic seizure during the course of the disease.
• A seizure-free period of at least 3 months at any point.

Variables Used:

Type of Autoimmune Encephalitis:

• NMDAR Encephalitis: Diagnosed by the presence of antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. This subtype predominantly affects younger patients, with a mean age of 28 years, and includes 383 patients, 81.7% of whom are female.
• LGI1 Encephalitis: Identified through antibodies targeting leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1, primarily observed in older patients with a mean age of 63 years. This group comprises 440 patients, 34.3% of whom are female.
• CASPR2 Encephalitis: Confirmed via antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2. This subtype includes 114 patients with a mean age of 64 years, predominantly male (95.6%).
• GABABR Encephalitis: Detected by gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor antibodies. This smaller cohort comprises 44 patients with a mean age of 63 years, 43.2% of whom are female.

Age Category:

• ≤70 Years: Includes patients with lower age-related risks of seizure recurrence.
• >70 Years: Accounts for patients with increased seizure recurrence risks and associated age-related factors.

Time (Months):

• Tracks seizure recurrence and probability dynamics over time, spanning up to 24 months for CoSy and 276 months for cumulative risk.

Outputs:

Cumulative Risk of Seizure Recurrence:

• Provides the total percentage risk of seizure recurrence over time.
• Based on the chosen age group and encephalitis type, this metric reflects the gradual increase in recurrence risk, starting at 0% and progressing dynamically across the selected time period.

Chance of an Occurrence of a Seizure in the next Year (COSY):

• Estimates the likelihood of experiencing a seizure in the next year based on the selected time point .