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This tool estimates the risk of seizure recurrence and Chance of an Occurrence of a Seizure in the next Year (COSY) following frontal lobe epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). 

Variables Used:

Frontal Lobe Surgery:
This variable captures whether a patient underwent frontal lobe epilepsy surgery (Yes/No). It evaluates outcomes in patients with refractory FLE, helping to assess the likelihood of seizure freedom over time.

Further Variables Not Included in the Prediction Model:

The following factors were identified in the study as predictors of long-term seizure freedom through multivariate analysis. These variables, while not integrated into the tool, provide crucial insights into surgical outcomes:

1. Age at Surgery:
   Younger patients at the time of surgery were more likely to achieve seizure freedom (P = 0.032).

2. Duration of Epilepsy:
   A shorter duration of epilepsy before surgery was a significant predictor of better outcomes (P = 0.021), emphasizing the importance of early intervention.

3. Postoperative EEG Findings:
   The absence of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on postoperative EEGs predicted higher seizure freedom rates:

   • 7th–10th day (P = 0.005)
   • 3 months (P = 0.005)
   • 1 year (P = 0.017)

Outputs:

Risk of Seizure Recurrence:

• This output predicts the probability of seizure recurrence over time following surgery. Based on study data, the probability of seizure freedom was 45% at 1 year, 34% at 2 years, and 14% at 5 years postoperatively.

COSY (Change of Seizure in the Next Year):

• COSY estimates the likelihood of a seizure occurring in the next year following surgery.