Calculate

CAVE Score

Haapaniemi et al., 2014

DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004686

Factors and Points

• Cortical involvement:
  • Yes: 1 point
• Age:
  • <65 years: 1 point
• Volume:
  • >10 mL: 1 point
• Seizures:
  • Early seizures within 7 days of ICH: 1 point

Risk by CAVE Score

After a median follow-up of 2.7 years:

• 0 points: 0.6% risk
• 1 point: 3.6% risk
• 2 points: 9.8% risk
• 3 points: 34.8% risk
• 4 points: 46.2% risk

Visualization

Refer to Figure 1 in the publication for the Kaplan–Meier curve illustrating the timing of the first late seizure after ICH for CAVE scores from 0 to 4.

Additional Study Information

Category	Details
Score Name	CAVE Score
Population	Derivation: 993 patients (n=764 > 7-day survivors), Helsinki (2005-2010) Validation: 325 patients, Lille (2004-2009)
Statistical Methods	Cox regression model
Validation Methods	Internal: Retrospective cohort (University Hospital Helsinki) External: 325 patients, Lille (2004-2009)
Performance Metrics	c-statistic: 0.81 (derivation), 0.69 (validation) Risk scores: 0.6% (0 points) to 46.2% (4 points)
Generalizability	Moderate to high (lower validation c-statistic)
Clinical Utility	The CAVE score is simple and easy to use, helping clinicians identify patients at higher risk for remote seizures. This can guide follow-up care and preventive strategies.